Abstract
This study concentrates to the capacity and ability of the specie. It is used as a herbal medicine. In a way of deriving its use into alternative fuel. It focuses to the problem on how could the Jatropha curcas and kerosene turned to be a biofuel. We predict that it could happen with the use of the references in the internet and articles.
The solution or product is significance into our environment especially in domestic and local areas. Is is only limited to the leaves of the said plant and nothing beyond this part and information.
It is processed due to scientific principles such as decoction and etc...,preparing of the materials, grinding of the leaves, boiling of the leaves, mixing it with the amount of kerosene, followed by the observation and set-ups that are made foe the experiment. It uses tuba-tuba leaves, kerosene, alcohol lamp, match and water for boiling process.
The result shown in table 1.1 and 1.2 proved that the solution is feasible in making an alternative fuel out of the leaves and kerosene.
Acknowledgement
The researcher would like to thank Ms. Granido as his adviser and also his mother who dearly support in all ways that are possible. Thank you for sharing your magnificent ideas that greatly contributes the study.
The researches gives his heartfelt thanks to our Father Almighty who made this study possible.
Table of contents
A. Introduction
1.Background of the study
2.Statement of the problem
3.Hypothesis
4.Significance of the study
5.Scope and limitation
6.Definition of terms
B.Review of related literature
C. Methodology
D. Results and Discussion
E. Conclusion and Recommendation
Bibliography
ChApTeR oNe
Introduction
Background of the study
The reason why i chose this study because this problem concentrates to the capacity and the ability of the specie. It is used as a herbal medicine.It also focuses to the expansion of the amount of solution but quality must dominate than quantity. This study is capable of helping the people in terms of pollution in regard to the transportation machines. In a way of deriving the use of this plant into a biofuel.
Statement of the problem
General objective:
Do tuba2x (Jatropha curcas) leaves extract and distilled fuel mixture can be a good fuel?
Specific Objectives:
Do the color and odor of the biofuel changes?
Does the extract can expand the capacity to produce fire?
Hypotheses
The color of the biofuel changed.
The odor of the biofuel changed.
The extract can expand the amount of biofuel.
Significance of the study
It is the improvement of the fuel into an environmental fuel that cannot destroy the nature. It can help conserve the energy igniting the use of the fuel in houeshold and domestic areas. The smell is not irritable compared to other plants that reflects to its composition. The color is pleasant and it can lessen the impact of air pollution.
Scope and limitation
This study is only limited to the leaves of the said plant in which the researcher extracts the fluid inside the leaves through decoction or boiling within 15 minutes.It concentrates only on the quality of the said plant and solution such as smell, color and other environmental aspects and components of the plant.
Definition of terms
Jatropha curcas
- It is resistant to a high degree of aridity. It has a high quality to produce a fuel or diesel. A poisonous shrub.
Distilled fuel
-A material that is burnt or altered to obtain energy. It releases energy through chemical means such as combustion, nuclear fusion or fission.
Biofuel
-It is defined as solid liquid or gas or derived from biomass. It can be used directly heating or power.
Mixture
-It is a substance made by two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs.
ChApTeR tWo
-Review Related Literature
Fuels are used today as energy sources fall into two general categories. these are fossil that comes from the origin of photosynthesis and nuclear fuel that comes from solar energy.
>Grolier Encyclopedia, vol.1,2000
Fuel is burnt or altered in order to obtain energy. It releases its energy through chemical means such as nuclear fission and fusion.
>http://fuels_wikipedia.org/wiki/category:fuels
Synthetic fuels are gaseous and liquid fuels produced by the conversion of others. less-desirably organic materials. They can be derived from oil shake. tar sands, coal and biomass source.
>Grolier Encyclopedia.2000
Indirect process in which coal is converted to a synthesis gas( a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) to produce such as gasoline ,diesel and methanol. Direct process in which at high temperature and pressure converting it into a liquid that can be refine into conventional fuel.
>"fuels".World Encyclopedia(2005).Oxford University Press.Retrieved on 2007_9_12
Biofuel can be broadly defined as solid liquid or gas or derived from biomass and gas fuel substance. it can be used directly for heating or power. It can be produce from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly particularly to the plants.
>"Biofuel", 2007
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biofuels
Jatropha curcas can be processed to produce a high quality fuel .Cultivation is uncomplicated. It can grow in wastelands and saline soils. It is not yet properly domesticated and, as a result, its productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of its large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown.
>"Potentials of Jatropha curcas as Biodiesel" >july-sept. 2006
by: Maybelle R. Ilan vol.15 no. 3
Jatropha leaves helps in dressing the wound. Dark blur dye and wax can be produced from the plant. Its extract is good for tanning. It can be also an organic fertilizer and soil improver. Varnishes, illuminants, soap, pest control, as purgative and other medicinal for skin diseases.
> " Jatropha curcas", 2007
http://.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha_curcas
It is considered a means of reducing greenhouse emissions and increasing energy security and because of that it releases of nitrous oxide emissions in the production of biofuels that they contribute more to global warming than fossil fuels.
>"Biofuel Review", 2007
http://www.biofuelreview.com/component/option,com_frontpage/itemid,1/
ChApTeR tHrEe
-methodology
Materials:
500g tuba-tuba leaves-- -lamp--- grinder
150ml kerosene--- pot- --weighing scale
350ml extract of tuba-tuba--- match--- mixer
400ml water--- container
Gathering of the materials needed. Weighing of the tuba-tuba leaves into 500g using the weighing scale. Getting of 150ml of kerosene into a container. Grinding of the 500g leaves of the said plant. Boiling of the tuba-tuba leaves into the pot within 15 minutes with 400ml of water. Preparing and washing the pot for the mixing process. Putting the extract of tuba-tuba and the 150ml of kerosene into the pot. Boiling of the two substances within 15 minutes and wait until it get dark or dim. Putting the solution into a container and wait until it gets cold. Measuring the solution according to the amount on each set-ups from A to E. Testing and lighting with the use of match into a lamp from A to E. Observing the set-ups according to its smell, color of the fire and the length of time that is being consumed.
ChApTeR fOuR
-Results and Discussion
| SET-UPS(ML) | COLOR(FIRE) | SMELL(FIRE) |
|---|---|---|
| Jatropha curcas/ Kerosene |
| PUNGENT ODOR |
| A 50 / 50 | RED | SLIGHT |
| B 60 / 40 | RED ORANGE | SLIGHT |
| C 70 / 30 | ORANGE | EXTREME |
| D 80 / 20 | PALE ORANGE | EXTREME |
| E 90 / 10 | YELLOW ORANGE | EXTREME |
The table 1.1 shows the results of the property of color and smell in different variations using 100% basis in taking up the samples or set-ups from A to E. In column of color, orange is in common and it differs only in some amount and on the column of smell, extreme is in common but also differs only in some amount. In set-up A, 50 / 50 is the most feasible result among the 5 set-ups that were conducted for the experiment in both color and smell.
| SET-UPS(SOLUTION) | LENGTH OF TIME(FIRE)MIN/SEC |
|---|---|
| A | 2:39 |
| B | 2:25 |
| C | 2:10 |
| D | 1:56 |
| E | 1:34 |
The table 1.2 shows the quantitative result which is the length of time of the fire burning from the solution. The results were on its appropriate amount, from highest to lowest. In set-up a shows the longest time.
ChApTeR fIvE
-Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
I therefore conclude that the set-up a is the most feasible one in making an alternative fuel out of tuba-tuba leaves extract also known as Jatropha curcas and distilled fuel. It has been proven by the results in chapter four which carries the property of smell, color, and the length of time on burning.
Recommendation
This study is not yet fully verified and tested, so, I want to recommend to the following researchers to improve the experimental design and with its results and further explanations about Jatropha curcas and kerosene.
Bibliography
>Grolier Encyclopedia, vol.1,2000
>http://fuels_wikipedia.org/wiki/category:fuels
>"fuels".World Encyclopedia(2005).Oxford University Press.Retrieved on 2007_9_12
>"Biofuel", 2007
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biofuels
>"Potentials of Jatropha curcas as Biodiesel" >july-sept. 2006
by: Maybelle R. Ilan vol.15 no. 3
> " Jatropha curcas", 2007
http://.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha_curcas
>"Biofuel Review", 2007
http://www.biofuelreview.com/component/option,com_frontpage/itemid,1/
